[ 토플 ] Day1 토플 영단어 10개, 리딩 지문

🗓️ DAY 1 – TOEFL Reading Practice

✅ [1] 오늘의 고빈도 단어 (10개)

Abundant
adj.
풍부한
The region has abundant natural resources.

Allocate
v.
할당하다
The government allocated funds for education.

Compensate
v.
보상하다
He was compensated for his injuries.

Derive
v.
끌어내다, 유래하다
The word derives from Latin.

Emphasize
v.
강조하다
The teacher emphasized the importance of study.

Fluctuate
v.
변동하다
Oil prices fluctuate every day.

Implement
v.
실행하다
The company implemented a new policy.

Inevitable
adj.
피할 수 없는
Change is inevitable in life.

Justify
v.
정당화하다
She tried to justify her actions.

Predominant
adj.
지배적인
English is the predominant language in this area.


📘 [2] 오늘의 리딩 지문 + 문제 (ETS 스타일)

📝 지문 (TOEFL 스타일 – 자연과학)

The Role of Keystone Species in Ecosystems
In ecological communities, certain species play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem. These species are called keystone species. A keystone species is one whose presence and activities have a disproportionate impact on the ecosystem relative to its abundance.

One well-known example is the sea otter, which inhabits kelp forest ecosystems in the Pacific Ocean. Sea otters feed on sea urchins, which in turn consume kelp. In areas where sea otters have declined, sea urchin populations have exploded, leading to the overgrazing of kelp and the collapse of the ecosystem. The presence of sea otters keeps sea urchin numbers in check, allowing the kelp forests to thrive and support biodiversity.

Keystone species can be predators, prey, or even ecosystem engineers—organisms that modify the physical environment. Beavers, for example, build dams that transform flowing streams into ponds, creating habitats for many other species. If keystone species are removed, ecosystems may undergo significant and sometimes irreversible changes.

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✅ 문제 (ETS 스타일) – 총 5문제

Q1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To describe the diet of sea otters
B. To explain how sea urchins affect kelp forests
C. To illustrate the importance of keystone species in ecosystems
D. To compare predators and prey in aquatic environments

정답: C

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Q2. The word “disproportionate” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
A. Balanced
B. Minor
C. Uneven
D. Predictable

정답: C

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Q3. According to the passage, what is one effect of the decline in sea otter populations?
A. An increase in kelp production
B. A rise in sea urchin numbers
C. The migration of sea otters
D. The spread of beaver dams

정답: B

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Q4. The author mentions beavers to:
A. Show that not all keystone species are predators
B. Contrast them with sea otters
C. Explain the structure of beaver dams
D. Discuss the destruction of ecosystems

정답: A

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Q5. Which of the following best expresses the essential role of a keystone species?
A. They are the most numerous species in an ecosystem.
B. They prevent other species from going extinct.
C. They have a significant impact on ecosystems despite low numbers.
D. They are easily replaced if removed.

정답: C